Wave generating system



Feb. 6, 1951 o. H. SCHADE 2,540,692

WAVE GENERATING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 16, 1946 Erw/2K INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 6, 1951 Otto H. Schade, West CaldwelLN'.. Jf., assigner. to K Radio Corporation of America,v a corporation ofi Delaware Y i efpresentinventionrelates to means for .produc-ing; currentvariations of substantially sawtqoth waveform. Y

Qertain circuit arrangements heretofore used,

flowvaries inea substantially linear manner with respect to' time for a portion ofA each cycle. This istrue,v for example, intelevision systems of the type in which. current. flowing in a pair of coils producesan electro-magnetic held. which in turn isfeiective to bring about a deflectionfof theelectron scanning beam of a cathode ray-tube` If the current iiow through these deection coils is l cases being substantially directly proportional. to

thedegree of current non-linearity.

vSince it is lcustomary to couple the currentv generating` device (usually a power output tube) tofthe cathode ray beam deflectionA coils throughv a.. transformer; the effecten current linearityy of the inductive reactance of the transformer must beftakeninto consideration. This is usually pro- V-idedtorby applying a voltage variation of par tif'cular waveform to the control electrode of the power output tube, this voltage variationbeing of. such coniiguration as to. compensate for the non-linearity of deflection which wouldotherwise be caused by the resistance of the-,deflection coils.

. In accordance with the present invention,Y which.hasv been illustrated inl connectionrwith a television scanning system but which may be` used wherever a. current of sawtooth waveformisfdesired, a circuit employing a single power outputtube provided which combines controllable current linearity with efficient operation.A Thisj poweroutputtube includes a suflicient numb'e'ri ofelectrodes so that electrons collected by. tir-' of vthese electrodes'r during operation of the system are caused to ow in opposite directions. through the splitprimary Winding of a coupling transformer. These currents are of opposite phase. and produce an additive eiect in the seca ondary winding of. the transformer to thereby. resultfina substantially linear summation cur- 's claims. (c1. 25osci is.` to provide: a.l single tubel sawtooth current gen-' eratorcharactelized by eilicient operation` anc' controllabilty of output.`

Another object of the; presentinventon is. to require. a currentl flow therethrough where this 5 provide a sawtooth current generator including; a single multi-grid. electron discharge tube, an'd. means. whereby the relationship betweenL the, ilowf/ of anode-cathode currentonone hand, and the;` flow of current between a particular gridv andi. the cathode, on the, other hand may be made;' `l "substantially independent 'of the tube anode pci-l tential within the normal operating range.

Other objects, and advantages Willbe. apparent-2;.: from the following particular .description of, a.,

preferred form of the invention andv from, the

v"drawing, in. which:

Figs. 2 and 3 are graphs. illustratingl certain,.

features of the operationof the circuit o1,lf"ig ;4

Fig. 4 isv a modincauon'of the circuit Qfg Fig., 1,.

Referring. now to the drawing and to Fig. l

particular, there is shown a power outputmtube V` which is adapted to deliver cyclicallyvaryingv current through a couplingA transformer T to an inductive load member Luh'aving a resistance R.

This load member LH may, for example, comprise a pair of horizontal, or line, deflection coils foriningpart'ofv a yoke assembly encirclingr the neck 'ofv a cathode ray tube in 'a television system.

Tube V is provided with an anodep, a cathode.. k, and a plurality of grids, or electrodes, q1,` gaga andvgr. The anode p of ltube V is connecte-dv l through one winding T1 of"v transformer- 'If' to the f positive terminal o'f-a source of potential' Eb, thief negative terminal of this .potential source Eb 'bet Aconnected also to the positive terminal of 'the source Eb or to some fraction thereof,

'rentow through the cathode, ray beam deiieetion i Grid q1 of tube V is connected through further* winding T2 of transformer T'to one end of' a" resistance load Rgl bypassed by a condenser Cgl, the other end of thisresistance-condenser :combination being connected beth t0v the-` cathode.

negative terminali of kof tube V' and tothe tential source Eb;

A further grid g4 (serving as a. suppressor grid) of tube V is provided with a relatively low steady positive D.,C. potential from a source Ebb. Grid of potential Egg is connected with the polarity shown between the cathode k and grid g2 (the latter having the function of a, negative control grid) of tube V in series with a source of input voltage variations egg. Potential source Egg serves to maintain a negative bias on the control grid g2 of tube V at all times, the input voltage variations egg lserving in effect to vary the' value of this negative bias.

In operation, it will be appreciated that the cathode current Ik of tube V is the sum of its anode-cathode current Ip and its grid gi-cathode current Ig1 when g1 is positive. The relative distribution of these currents is controlled by the effective space potential inthe plane of grid g1. If g1 is positive but effectively above space potential due to a high value of negative bias on the control grid g2 neutralizing the .positive field from ya, then g1 will collect all of the electrons emitted by the cathode k. When the effective space potential in the plane of grid g1 is raised (by reason of a less negative bias on the control grid g2 which permits the field of the positive screen grid g3 to penetrate through g2 and increase the space potential in the plane of y1), then a certain percentage of the electrons emitted by cathode 7c will continue on through the control grid g2,

While the anode Ip increases. rents therefore vary as a function of the waveform of the input voltage variation egg, and theirv sum always equals the cathode currentIk, as shown by the graph of Fig. 2. i The current Ip flows through winding, T1 of transformer T, while the current `Igl flows through the winding T2. As shown in Fig. 2, these currents are of opoosite phase, that isfIp is rising while Ig1 is falling (over the eiective scanning range or useful portion of leach sawtooth current cycle).

However, by reversing the winding T2 so as to alter its polarity, the electromagnetic field produced by the current flow Ig1 may be made i'o combine with the electromagnetic field produced by the current ow Ip in winding Ti during scansion to induce in the Winding T3 a linear summation current Is (Fig 3) representing the current which actually flows in the load member LH. As previously brought out, .the distribution of the cathode current Ik between the element g1 andfp is controllable (and hence the linearity of the .summation current IS) independent of plate voltage by varying the waveform of the control voltage egg. An incorrect shape of this input voltage .egg may. result in non-linearity of the current Is, as shown, for example, byfthe broke1r-A bypassed resistance load R81. The voltage appeering bnconderis'er Cgfthus inl effect acts 'as a bucking battery which is charged by the average current Ig (avg.) and the excess voltage induced in transformer Winding T2. The D.C. power dissipated in Rg;1 can also be used, if desired, in other loads having the same resistancev Considering now the anode-cathode. circuit of tube V, it Willbe seen that the voltage pflsource Eb is substantially 'equal in value to the sum of the voltage (EL) induced in the transformer winding T1, the IpR drop in this winding T1, and the, platevoltage loss of tube V(Ep). This may be expressed as With a rising platecurrent Ip, the IpR drop f in winding T1 increases. `Since the value of the potential source Eb is xed, and since the Voltage E1. across winding T1 remains constant fone. linear current Is, it follows that the plate voltagek Ep of tube V will decrease in value' during vthis plate current'rise.rv This cyclic decreasein the plate voltage Ep of tube V does not permit the-vv current distribution Ip--Igl as shown in'Fig; whensing a triode as a power tube. It canbef overcome only by producing a corresponding'cy#` clic rise in the value of potential source Et; but this condition does not produce" linearity as tlf voltage EL must necessarily increasemore thany IR drop, indicating a non-linear rise of `cur" rent Ig. 'By means of the present invention, however,

'the cyclic decrease in the value of platevoltage' Et is prevented from aiecting the current dis-f tribution in tube V. This is accomplished by mak- *f ing such current distribution substantially independent of plate voltage Epthrough the use of4 the screen grid g3 in tube V which acts to ef' fectively isolate the plate voltage field iror'i the' field of the current-carrying grid '91. The grid gs, aided by the suppressor grid g4; eiectively shields the plate voltageield of tube V from thejf field of the current-carrying grid g1, sotha'ftchanges in the voltage .of anode p during opera? tion of the system have no appreciable result on the current distribution between anode p Aandgridf gi, which current distribution, according to a p ife# viously described feature of this invention, `is de termined by the negative control voltageon grid gz. Hence, circuit operation accordance with the curves oi Fig. 2 is maintained by this irl- V dependent control voltage egg.' together with; linearity of current ilow through the load mer n v ber LH.

Iuge is a. modification of thecir'ceieer i= ii g1 1,`f showing one possible 'manner in whichl the lattefrul circuit may act as a self-oscillating sawtootk lcurrent generator. In Fig. 4, a portion'offthei pulse voltage erg across transformer winding@ T2 is passed througharrintegrating network i 71 cluding a series resistor Rgg and: afshunt 'confdenser Cgg. This integrating -network altersthe shape of the pulses erg so that the voltage ap peari'ng on the grid g2 of tube V issubstantiallyf-- identical to the control voltage waveform egg irl thebicuit of Fig. 1.V

It `will be understood that, if c lesired, other Waveshaping networks may be substituted for the particular integrating network illustrated; in Fig. 4. l gf 1 In'gthe event that the tube Voi' Figs. 1 and is of @harem-Power tree. the beam-@relies `said inductive member;

of secondary electrons from the anode at low anode voltages.

I claim:

1. A sawtooth wave current generator comprising: an electron discharge device having at least a cathode, anv inner grid, a control grid, a screen grid, a suppressor grid and an anode; a first source of potential; a transformer having a secondary winding and a split primary winding; means connecting 'the positive terminal of said rst potential source to said screen grid and also to said anode through a portion of the split primary winding of said transformer, means for applying a D.C. potential to said suppressor grid, the negative terminal of said first potential source being connected to said cathode; a parallel resistance-condenser combination; means connecting one terminal of said resistance-condenser combination to said cathode; a load circuit connected to said secondary winding; a source of negative control voltage variations; means for applying said negative control voltage variations to said control grid; and means connecting the remaining terminal of said resistance-condenser combination to said inner grid through a further portion of said split primary winding, so that the two currents respectively flowing through the two said portions of said split primary winding during a part of each operating cycle will be substantially opposite in phase.

2. A sawtooth wave current generator in accordance with claim 1, in which said electron discharge device is additionally provided with a second source of potential having its positive terminal connected to said suppressor grid.

3. In a sawtooth Wave current generator: an electron discharge device including a cathode, an inner grid, a control electrodea screen grid, a suppressor grid, and an anode; a source of operating potential connected to said screen grid, a source of positive D.C. potential connected to said suppressor grid; an inductive member; means connecting said anode to said cathode through said potential source and a portion of a parallel resistancecondenser combination, means connecting said `inner grid to said cathode through said parallel resistance-condenser combinati-on and a further portion of said inductive member; a source of negative voltage variations; and means for applying said negative voltage variations to said control electrode, whereby the resultant current ow in the anode-cathode circuit of said e`i-c-ctron discharge device will bear a predetermined relationship both in amplitude and phase to the current ow in the grid-cathode circuit of said electron discharge device.

4. In a sawtooth wave current generator according to claim 3, further comprising an energystorage network connected in the' control gridcathode circuit of said electron discharge device in series with the said further portion .of said inductive member.

5. A sawtooth wave current generator comprising: an electron discharge device having at least a cathode, an inner grid, a control grid, a screen grid, a suppressor grid and an anode; a first source of potential; a transformer having a secondary winding and a split primary winding; means connecting the positive terminal of said first potential source to said screen grid and also to said anode through a portion of the split primary winding of said transformer, the negative terminal of said potential source being connected to said cathode; an energy-storage network; means connecting one terminal of said energy-storage network to said cathode; a load circuit connected to said secondary winding; means joining the remaining terminal of said energy-storage network to said inner grid through cordance with claim 5, in which said energystorage network comprises a parallel resistancecondenser combination. g

OTTO H. SCHADE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,756,893 Warner Apr. 29, 1939 1,838,201 Traver Dec. 29, 1931 1,997,665 Wheeler Apr. 16, 1935 2,139,366 Harold Dec. 6, 1933 2,292,835 Hopp Aug. l1, 1942 2,360,697 1944 Lyman Oct. 17, 

